TRINSI

If you believe the archaeologists, the desire to record information about a person appeared forty thousand years ago. The very first vehicle was a rock. This steady-state data storage was a lot of advantages (reliability, damage resistance, high capacity, high speed reading) and a lack of (the complexity and slow pace recording). Therefore, over time began to appear more and more advanced media. We list them in detail today, will not, and offer you only remember the way that the data warehouse have been for the last hundred years.

Perforated paper tape in most early computers used paper tape wound around the bobbin. The information stored on it in the form of holes. Some machines, such as Colossus Mark 1 (1944), working with data that were introduced with the help of the tape in real time. Newer computers, for example, Manchester Mark 1 (1949), reads the program from the tape and loaded for execution of a primitive kind of electronic memory. The perforated tape is used to read and write data for the last thirty years. punched card punched card history goes back to the beginning of the XIX century, when they were used to control looms. In 1890, Herman Hollerith punch card used for the processing of census data in the U.S.. That he found a company (future IBM), which used these cards in their computers. In the 1950s, IBM already being used in their computer punch cards for storage and data entry, and soon the media began to be used by other manufacturers. Were then distributed to the column 80 cards in which one character was allocated a separate column. Some might wonder, but in 2002 IBM was still developing in the technology of punch cards. It is true that in the XXI century the company was interested in card size of a postage stamp that can store up to 25 million pages of information. Tape

Along with the release of the first American commercial computer UNIVAC I (1951) in the IT-industry started the era of magnetic tape. A pioneer, as usual, was again IBM, then “pulled up” others. The tape was wound on open reels and was a very thin strip of plastic coated with magnetically sensitive material. Machinery read and write data using special magnetic heads, built-in drive bobbins. The tape was widely used in many models of computers (especially mainframes and mini-computers) until 1980, while not invented tape cartridges. The first removable drives in 1963 IBM introduced the first hard disk, removable disk – IBM 1311. It was a collection of interchangeable discs. Each set consists of six discs with a diameter of 14 inches for up to 2 MB of information. In the 1970s, many hard drives, for example, DEC RK05, supported by such disc sets, most often they were used by manufacturers of minicomputers to software sales Tape Cartridges

In the 1960s, manufacturers of computer hardware have learned to put rolls of tape in a miniature plastic cartridges. From their predecessors, reels, they are known for their life, portability and convenience. The most widely they were in the 1970s and 1980s. As and reels, cartridges proved to be very flexible carriers, if it was necessary to write a lot of information, the cartridge simply placed more tape. Today, tape cartridges such as 800-GB LTO Ultrium used to support large-scale servers, although in recent years their popularity has declined because of the greater convenience transferring data from hard drive to hard drive. Printing

In the 1970s, thanks to a relatively low cost are gaining popularity for personal computers. However, there were many ways to store data were not affordable. One of the first computer, MITS Altair was delivered and did no media for recording information. Users are asked to enter the program with a special toggle on the front. Then, at the dawn of “personalok”, users often had to literally inserted into the computer sheets with handwritten programs. Later on the program were distributed in printed form through paper logs. Diskettes

In 1971 the world had the first floppy IBM. It was a magnetic substance coated 8-inch floppy disk, placed in a plastic case. Users quickly realized that to load data into the computer “floppy disk” faster, cheaper and more compact than a stack of punch cards. In 1976, one of the founders of the first floppy, Alan Shugart, offered her a new format – 5.25 inches. In this size existed until the late 1980s, have not appeared yet 3.5-inch floppy disks Sony. Compact Cassette Compact Cassette was invented by Philips, which figured crosses two small coils of the magnetic film in a plastic case. It is in this format in the 1960s made ​​the recording. HP cartridges are used in a desktop HP 9830 (1972), but at the beginning of such tapes as carriers of digital information is not used very popular. Then searchers inexpensive storage media still wrapped in its gaze toward the tapes, which with their light hand remained popular until the early 1980s. on them, by the way, you can download from the usual music player. ROM-cartridges

ROM-cartridge – this board, consisting of only memory (ROM) and a connector, placed in a hard shell. Scope cartridge – computer games and programs. For example, in 1976, Fairchild has released ROM-cartridge recording software for videopristavku Fairchild Channel F. Soon, under the use of ROM-cartridges have been adapted and home computers such as Atari 800 (1979) or TI-99 / 4 (1979). ROM-cartridges were easy to use, but are relatively expensive, because of what, in fact, “dead.” Great experiments with disks

In the 1980s, many companies have tried to create an alternative 3.5-inch floppy disk. One such invention (pictured above center) is hardly a stretch even a floppy disk: ZX Microdrive cartridge consisted of a large coil of magnetic tape cassettes by a principle vosmidorozhkovoy. Another experimenter, Apple, has created a floppy FileWare (right) that came with the first computer Apple Lisa – the worst in company history devaysom according to Network World, a well as a 3-inch Compact Disk (bottom left) and now a rare 2-inch floppy LT 1 (top left) used exclusively in the laptop Zenith Minisport 1989 release. The remaining experiments resulted in the creation of products that are niche and not able to repeat the success of its 5.25-inch and 3.5-inch predecessors. Optical Drive

The CD, originally used as a carrier of digital audio, owes its birth a joint project of Sony and Philips and first appeared on the market in 1982. Digital data are stored on this medium in the form of a plastic micropitting on its mirror surface, and the information can be read by the laser head. It turned out that the digital CD is the best suited for storing computer data, and soon the same Sony and Philips have finalized a novelty. So in 1985 the world learned about CD-ROMs. Over the next 25 years, an optical disc has undergone many changes, its evolutionary chain includes DVD, HD-DVD and Blu-ray. Significant milestone was the appearance in 1988, CD-Recordable (CD-R), which allowed users to write data to disk. In the late 1990s, optical disks, finally fell, and finally pushed the floppy disk in the background. magnetooptical media

Like CD-ROMs, magneto-optical disks “reads” the laser. However, unlike conventional CD and CD-R media allows most of the magneto repeatedly applied and erase data. This is achieved through the interaction of magnetic and laser process for recording data. The first magneto-optical disk included with the computer NeXT (1988, photo below right), and its capacity was 256 MB. The most famous bearer of this type – an audio MiniDisc Sony (top center, 1992). And he had a “brother” for the storage of digital data, called MD-DATA (top left). Magneto-optical discs are still, however, due to the small capacity and relatively high cost, they moved into the category of niche products. and Iomega Zip Drive

Iomega announced itself in the market of media in the 1980s, releasing cartridges, magnetic disks Bernoulli Box, with a capacity of 10 to 20 MB. A more recent interpretation of the technology embodied in the so-called carrier Zip (1994), which could accommodate up to 100 MB of information on low-cost 3.5-inch disk. Format liked the democratic price and good capacity, and Zip disks were on the crest of popularity until the late 1990s. However, already emerged at the time of CD-R you can record up to 650MB, and when the price dropped to a few cents apiece, Zip-Disc sales have fallen dramatically. Iomega has tried to save disk technology and has developed a 250 or 750 MB CD-R but by that time had finally conquered the market. Thus began the history of Zip. Floppiobraznye drives

First released superdisketu Company Insight Peripherals in 1992. A 3.5-inch disk stores 21 MB of information. Unlike other carriers, this format is compatible with earlier conventional drives to 3.5-inch floppy disks. The secret of high performance drives such wings in combination floppy and optical, that is, data recorded in a magnetic medium by means of the laser head, and the record provides a more accurate and more tracks, respectively, more space. In the late 1990s, two new formats – Imation LS-120 SuperDisk (120 MB, bottom right) and Sony HiFD (150 MB, top right). New items have become serious competitors Iomega Zip drive, but eventually won all format CD-R. Bardak in the world of portable media

The resounding success of Zip Drive in the mid-1990s has generated a lot of these devices, manufacturers are hoping to grab a chunk of the market at Zip. Among the major competitors Iomega may be noted SyQuest, who first shattered its own market segment, and then destroyed its product line over-diversity – SyJet, SparQ, EZFlyer and EZ135. Another serious, but “muddy” contender – Castlewood Orb, who coined the drive like Zip capacity of 2.2 GB. Finally, the company Iomega has tried to add a Zip drive other types of removable media – from large removable hard drives (1 – and 2-gigabyte Jaz Drive) to a miniature Clik drive at 40 MB. But none reached the heights of Zip. Flash comes

In the early 1980s, Toshiba invented flash memory, NAND, but the technology has become popular only a decade after the advent of digital cameras and PDA. At this time, she begins to be implemented in various forms – from the big credit card (for use in earlier handhelds) cards to CompactFlash, SmartMedia, Secure Digital, Memory Stick and xD Picture Card. flash cards are convenient, first of all, the fact that they have no moving parts. In addition, they are economical, durable and relatively inexpensive at ever-increasing amount of memory. The first CF card holds 2 MB, but now their capacity is up to 128 GB. What could be less

At promoslayde IBM / Hitachi hard drive shows tiny Microdrive. It appeared in 2003, and for some time has won the hearts of computer users. He made ​​his debut in 2001, the iPod and other media players are equipped with similar devices based on a rotating disk, but the producers quickly disappointed in this drive: it is too fragile, power-consuming and small by volume. So this format is almost “buried.” Advent USB

In 1998, the era of USB. The undeniable convenience USB-devaysov made ​​them almost an integral part of life for all PC users. Over the years, they decrease in physical size, but become more capacious, and cheaper. Especially popular are introduced in 2000, “flash”, or USB thumb drives (from the English. Thumb – «thumb”), so named for its size – with a human finger. Due to the high capacity and small size USB-drives have become, perhaps, the best information carrier, invented by mankind. Go to the virtuality

Over the past fifteen years, local area networks and the Internet are gradually replacing the portable storage media in the life of PC users. Since virtually every computer today has access to the network, users will rarely need to transfer data to external Soup or copying to another computer. In our time for the transfer of data correspond to the wire and electronic signals. Bluetooth wireless standard, Wi-Fi and did make physical computer connections unnecessary. In this regard, particularly interesting, if a izzhivut ever media?